Mr 10 Departure Betwixt Mitochondrial Dna Together With Chloroplast Dna

Both mitochondrion as well as chloroplast are semi autonomous organelles alongside DNA. Majority of proteins required for mitochondrion as well as chloroplast are coded past times genes of the nucleus. Only around proteins are coded past times the deoxyribonucleic acid of mitochondrion as well as chloroplast. That is why; these organelles are called every bit semi-autonomous organelles.

Mitochondrial DNA

1. Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid is called every bit mt deoxyribonucleic acid which is double stranded, circular as well as non covered past times a membrane.

2. Size varies betwixt species

· Human mt deoxyribonucleic acid xvi Kb (16569 bp)

· Plant jail cellular telephone mt deoxyribonucleic acid 200 kb-2500kb

3. Typically dozens of copies of deoxyribonucleic acid inwards each mitochondria

4. Animal mitochondrial genome contains 37 genes that encode thirteen proteins, 22 tRNAs, as well as two rRNAs

The thirteen mitochondrial genes codes for poly peptide subunits of the enzyme complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation system, which helps mitochondria to human activity every bit the powerhouses of our cells.

5. Genes are transcribed inwards a polycistronic manner- a large mRNA molecule alongside educational activity to brand many proteins simultaneously

6. AT (adenine-thymine) rich (65% approx) as well as lack introns.

· Kinetoplast: In Trypanosomes, each mitochondria contains thou of copies of mt deoxyribonucleic acid arranged into a complex interlinked structure  called Kinetoplast.

Chloroplast DNA

1. Chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid is called every bit ct DNA, cP deoxyribonucleic acid or plastome

2. Genome size 120-170 kb of DNA

3. Exist inwards multiple copies

    Each chloroplast alongside several nucleoid regions containing 8-10 rings of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules

    The publish of deoxyribonucleic acid copies inwards mature chloroplast is 15-20.

4. Chloroplast genome include 100 genes, 46-90 poly peptide coding genes,

    Code for four ribosomal RNAs, 21 ribosomal proteins, four RNA polymerase subunits as well as over xxx tRNA genes

    Highly conserved throughput constitute species

5.  Majority of genes are transcribed every bit polycistronic operons

6. Generally, AT rich as well as lack introns

Similarities betwixt mitochondrial as well as chloroplast genome

· Both mt deoxyribonucleic acid as well as cp deoxyribonucleic acid are circular, double stranded as well as non enveloped past times a membrane.

· Both mt deoxyribonucleic acid as well as cp deoxyribonucleic acid are devoid of histone proteins

· Both lack introns

· Both are by as well as large AT rich genomes
See the Difference between Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid as well as Nuclear DNA